Kingsley Amis

Sir Kingsley William Amis, CBE (April 16, 1922 – October 22, 1995) was an English novelist, poet, critic, and teacher. He wrote more than twenty novels, three collections of poetry, short stories, radio and television scripts, and books of social and literary criticism. He fathered English novelist Martin Amis.

Biography
Kingsley Amis was born in Clapham, South London, England, the son of William Robert Amis, a mustard manufacturer's clerk.[1] He began his education at the City of London School, and went up to St. John's College, Oxford April 1941 to read English; it was there that he met Philip Larkin, with whom he formed the most important friendship of his life. After only a year, he was called up for Army service in July 1942. After serving in the Royal Corps of Signals in the Second World War, Amis returned to Oxford in October 1945 to complete his degree. Although he worked hard and got a first in English in 1947, he had by then decided to give much of his time to writing.

In 1946 he met Hilary Bardwell, and they married in 1948. He became a lecturer in English at the University of Wales Swansea (1948 – 61). Amis achieved popular success with his first novel Lucky Jim, which is considered by many to be an exemplary novel of 1950s Britain. The novel won the Somerset Maugham Award for fiction and Amis was associated with the writers labelled the Angry Young Men. Lucky Jim was the first British campus novel, setting a precedent for later generations of writers such as Malcolm Bradbury, Tom Sharpe and Howard Jacobson. As a poet, Amis was associated with The Movement.

During 1958-9 he made the first of two visits to the United States, where he was Visiting Fellow in Creative Writing at Princeton University, as well as a visiting lecturer in other Northeastern universities. On his return, he felt that he was in a rut, and he began to look for another post. After 13 years at Swansea, Amis became a fellow of Peterhouse at Cambridge (1961 – 63). He regretted the move within a year; he found Cambridge both academically and socially a disappointment, and he resigned in 1963, intending to move to Majorca. In fact, he got no further than London. [2][3].

In 1963, Hilary discovered that Amis had been conducting an affair with the novelist Elizabeth Jane Howard. They separated in August, and Amis went to live with Jane. His divorce with Hilary was finalised in 1965, and he married Jane in the same year; they subsequently divorced in 1983. Amis spent his last years sharing a house with his first wife and her third husband, Alastair Boyd, 7th Baron Kilmarnock. He had three children, including the novelist Martin Amis, who wrote of his father's life and decline in his memoir Experience.

Amis received a knighthood in 1990. In August 1995, he had a fall, and a suspected stroke. After an apparent recovery, his condition worsened and he was re-admitted to hospital. He died on 22 October 1995 in London. [4] He was cremated; his ashes are at Golders Green Crematorium.


[edit] Literary Work
Amis is chiefly known as a comedic novelist of mid- to late-20th century British life, but his literary work extended into many genres – poetry, essays and criticism, short stories, food and drink writing, anthologies and a number of novels in genres such as science fiction and mystery. His career initially developed in a pattern which was, ironically, the inverse of that followed by his close friend Philip Larkin. Before becoming known as a poet, Larkin had published two novels; Amis, on the other hand, originally wished to be a poet, and turned to writing novels only after publishing several volumes of verse. He continued throughout his career to write poetry which is known for its typically straightforward and accessible style, which yet often masks a nuance of thought, as in “Bookshop Idyll” or “Against Romanticism.”

Amis’s first novel, Lucky Jim (1954), is perhaps his most famous. Taking its germ from Amis's observation of the common room at the University of Leicester, where his friend Larkin held a post, the novel satirizes the high-brow academic set of a redbrick university, seen through the eyes of its hero, Jim Dixon, as he tries to make his way as a young lecturer of history. The novel was perceived by many as part of the Angry Young Men movement of the 1950s which reacted against the stultifications of conventional British life, though Amis never encouraged this interpretation. Amis’s other novels of the 1950’s and early 1960’s similarly depict situations from contemporary British life, often drawn from Amis’s own experiences. That Uncertain Feeling (1955) centers around a young university librarian (again perhaps with reference to Larkin, librarian at Hull) and his temptation towards adultery; I Like It Here (1958) presents Amis’s contemptuous view of “abroad” and followed upon his own travels on the Continent with a young family; Take a Girl Like You (1963), perhaps Amis’s second best-known novel, steps away from the immediately autobiographical, but remains grounded in the concerns of sex and love in ordinary modern life, tracing the courtship and ultimate seduction of the heroine Jenny Bunn by a young schoolmaster, Patrick Standish

With The Anti-Death League (1966), Amis begins to show some of the experimentation – with content, if not with style – which would mark much of his work in the 1960s and 70s. Amis’s departure from the strict realism of his early comedic novels is not so abrupt as might first appear. He had avidly read science fiction since a boy, and had developed that interest into the Christian Gauss Lectures of 1958, while visiting Princeton University. The lectures were published in that year as New Maps of Hell: a Survey of Science Fiction, a serious but light-handed treatment of what the genre had to say about man and society. Amis was particularly enthusiastic about the dystopian works of Frederik Pohl and C.M. Kornbluth, and in New Maps of Hell coined the term "comic inferno" to describe a type of humorous dystopia, particularly as exemplified in the works of Robert Sheckley. Amis further displayed his devotion to the genre in editing, with the Sovietologist Robert Conquest, the science fiction anthology series Spectrum I – IV, which drew heavily upon 1950s numbers of the magazine Astounding Science Fiction.

Though not explicitly science fiction, The Anti-Death League takes liberties with reality not found in Amis’s earlier novels, and introduces a speculative bent into his fiction, one which would continue to develop in other of his genre novels, such as The Green Man (1969) (mystery/horror) and The Alteration (1976) (science fiction/alternate history). Much of this speculation was about the improbable existence of any benevolent deity involved in human affairs. In The Anti-Death League, The Green Man, The Alteration and elsewhere, including poems such as “The Huge Artifice: an interim assessment” and “New Approach Needed,” Amis showed frustration with a God who could lace the world with such cruelty and injustice, and championed the preservation of ordinary human happiness – in family, in friendships, in physical pleasure – against the demands of any cosmological scheme. The matter of Amis’s religious views is perhaps ultimately summed up in his response, reported in his Memoirs, to the Russian poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko’s question, in his broken English: “You atheist?” Amis replied, “It’s more that I hate Him.”

During this time, Amis had not turned completely away from the comedic realism of Lucky Jim and Take a Girl Like You. I Want It Now (1968) and Girl, 20 (1971) both depict the “swinging” atmosphere of London in the late 60s, in which Amis certainly participated, though neither book is strictly autobiographical. Girl, 20, for instance, is framed in the world of classical (and pop) music, of which Amis was not a part – the book’s relatively impressive command of musical terminology and opinion shows both Amis’s amateur devotion to music and the almost journalistic capacity of his intelligence to take hold of a subject which interested him. That intelligence is similarly on display in, for instance, the presentation of ecclesiastical matters in The Alteration, when Amis was neither a Roman Catholic nor, for that matter, a devotee of any Church.

Throughout the 1950s, 60s and 70s, Amis was regularly producing essays and criticism, principally for journalistic publication. Some of these pieces were collected in 1968’s What Became of Jane Austen? and Other Essays, in which Amis’s wit and literary and social opinions were on display ranging over books such as Colin Wilson’s The Outsider (panned), Iris Murdoch’s debut novel Under the Net (praised), or William Empson’s Milton’s God (inclined to agree with). Amis’s opinions on books and people tended to appear (and often, be) conservative, and yet, as the title essay of the collection shows, he was not merely reverent of “the classics” and of traditional morals, but was more disposed to exercise his own rather independent judgment in all things.

Amis became associated with Ian Fleming's James Bond in the 1960s, writing critical works connected with the fictional spy, either under a pseudonym or uncredited. In 1965, he wrote the popular The James Bond Dossier under his own name. That same year, he wrote The Book of Bond, or, Every Man His Own 007, a tongue-in-cheek how-to manual about being a sophisticated spy, under the pseudonym "Lt Col. William ('Bill') Tanner", Tanner being M's Chief of Staff in many of Fleming's Bond novels. In 1968 the owners of the James Bond property attempted to continue the series by hiring different novelists, all of whom were to publish under the pseudonym "Robert Markham". In the event, Amis's Colonel Sun was the first and only Bond novel to be published under that name.

Beginning in the late 1970s Amis’s work shows something of a decline from its earlier pitch, with the notable exception of The Old Devils (1986), which won the Booker Prize for that year. In novels such as Jake’s Thing (1978) and Stanley and the Women (1984), Amis takes fogeyism and a certain misogynistic bent almost to the point of self-parody. While none of these works is free of Amis’s wit and even of his compassion for humanity, The Old Devils is perhaps the last novel which shows the coherence and complexity to be found in his earlier masterpieces.

This period also saw Amis the anthologist, a role in which his wide knowledge of all kinds of English poetry was on display. The New Oxford Book of Light Verse (1978), which he edited, was a revision of the original volume done by W.H. Auden. Amis took the anthology in a markedly new direction; where Auden had interpreted light verse to include “low” verse of working-class or lower-class origin, regardless of subject matter, Amis defined light verse as essentially light in tone, though not necessarily simple in composition. The Amis Anthology (1988), a personal selection of his favorite poems, grew out of his work for a London newspaper, in which he selected a poem daily and presented it with a brief introduction.[5]


[edit] Personal life
As a young man, Kingsley Amis was a vocal member of the Communist Party. He became disillusioned with Communism, breaking with it when the USSR invaded Hungary in 1956. Thereafter, Amis became anti-communist, and conservative. He discusses his political change of heart in the essay "Why Lucky Jim Turned Right" (1967), and it percolates into later works such as his dystopian novel Russian Hide and Seek (1980).

Amis was by his own admission and as revealed by his biographers a serial adulterer for much of his life. Inevitably this was one of the main contributory factors in the breakdown of his first marriage. A famous photograph of a sleeping Amis on a Yugoslav beach shows the slogan (written by wife Hilly) on his back " 1 Fat Englishman - I fuck anything".

In his memoirs, Amis wrote "Now and then I become conscious of having the reputation of being one of the great drinkers, if not one of the great drunks, of our time"[6]. He suggests that this is due to a naive tendency on the part of his readers to apply the behaviour of his characters to himself. This was disingenuous; the fact was that he enjoyed drink, and spent a good deal of his time in pubs. Hilary Rubinstein, who commissioned Lucky Jim, commented "I doubted whether Jim Dixon would have gone to the pub and drunk ten pints of beer ... I didn't know Kingsley very well, you see"[7]. Clive James comments: "All on his own, he had the weekly drinks bill of a whole table at the Garrick Club even before he was elected. After he was, he would get so tight there that he could barely make it to the taxi. " [8] Amis was, however, adamant in his belief that inspiration did not come from a bottle: "whatever part drink may play in the writer's life, it must play none in his or her work."[6]. According to Clive James, Amis reached a turning point when his drinking ceased to be social, and became a way of dulling his remorse and regret at his behaviour toward Hilly. "Amis had turned against himself deliberately ... it seems fair to guess that the troubled grandee came to disapprove of his own conduct."


[edit] Trivia
Trivia sections are discouraged under Wikipedia guidelines.
The article could be improved by integrating relevant items and removing inappropriate ones.

A tape-recorded conversation on science fiction took place between Amis, C. S. Lewis and Brian Aldiss in Lewis' rooms at Cambridge in December 1962, shortly before Lewis' death. A transcript appears under the title 'Unreal Estates' in the collection On Stories by C. S. Lewis.

Like Philip Larkin, Amis was a keen jazz fan, with a particular enthusiasm for the American musicians Sidney Bechet, Henry "Red" Allen and Pee Wee Russell [about whom Amis and Larkin corresponded extensively]. [9]


[edit] References
^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/portal/main.jhtml?view=DETAILS&grid=&xml=/portal/2007/06/09/nosplit/ftfamdet109.xml
^ Memoirs, "Cambridge"
^ Bradford, Ch 10
^ Bradford, Ch 23
^ Fussell, The Anti-Egotist
^ a b Memoirs: Booze
^ Quoted in Bradford, Ch 5
^ "Kingsley without the women", by Clive James, TLS February 2nd 2007
^ Letters

[edit] Further reading
Lucky Him: The Life of Kingsley Amis, Richard Bradford, Peter Owen, 2001. ISBN 0 7206 1117 2
Kingsley Amis: Memoirs, Kingsley Amis, Penguin, 1992.
The Letters of Kingsley Amis, edited by Zachary Leader, HarperCollins, 2000. ISBN 0 00 257095 5
Kingsley Amis, a Biography, Eric Jacobs, Hodder & Stoughton, 1995. ISBN 0 340 59072 6
The Life of Kingsley Amis, Zachary Leader, Jonathan Cape, 2006. ISBN 0224062271
The Anti-Egotist: Kingsley Amis, Man of Letters, Paul Fussell, Oxford UP, 1994.
"Kingsley Amis's Troublesome Fun", Michael Dirda. The Chronicle of Higher Education June 22, 2007. B9-B11.

[edit] Partial bibliography
1947 Bright November
1953 A Frame of Mind
1954 Poems: Fantasy Portraits.
1954 Lucky Jim
1955 That Uncertain Feeling
1956 A Case of Samples: Poems 1946-1956.
1957 Socialism and the Intellectuals. A Fabian Society pamphlet
1958 I Like it Here
1960 Take A Girl Like You
1960 New Maps of Hell: a Survey of Science Fiction
1960 Hemingway in Space (short story), Punch Dec 1960
1962 My Enemy's Enemy
1962 The Evans County
1963 One Fat Englishman
1965 The Egyptologists (with Robert Conquest).
1965 The James Bond Dossier
1965 The Book of Bond, or Every Man His Own 007 (pseud. Lt.-Col William ('Bill') Tanner)
1966 The Anti-Death League
1968 Colonel Sun: a James Bond Adventure (pseud. Robert Markham)
1968 I Want It Now
1968 A Look Round the Estate: Poems, 1957-1967
1969 The Green Man
1970 What Became of Jane Austen?, and Other Questions
1971 Girl, 20
1972 On Drink 1973 The Riverside Villas Murders
1974 Ending Up
1974 Rudyard Kipling and his World
1975 The Crime Of The Century
1976 The Alteration
1978 Jake's Thing
1978 The New Oxford Book of Light Verse (ed.)
1979 Collected Poems 1944-78
1980 Russian Hide-and-Seek
1980 Collected Short Stories
1983 Every Day Drinking
1984 How's Your Glass?
1984 Stanley and the Women
1986 The Old Devils
1988 Difficulties With Girls
1990 The Folks That Live on the Hill
1990 The Amis Collection
1991 Memoirs
1991 Mr Barrett's Secret and Other Stories
1991 We Are All Guilty
1992 The Russian Girl
1994 You Can't Do Both
1995 The Biographer's Moustache
1997 The King's English: A Guide to Modern Usage
2001 The Letters of Kingsley Amis, Edited by Zachary Leader


[edit] Poets in The Amis Anthology: A Personal Choice of English Verse (1988)
Richard Aldington - Kenneth Allott - Matthew Arnold - Kenneth Ashley - W. H. Auden - William Barnes - Oliver Bayley - Hilaire Belloc - John Betjeman - Laurence Binyon - William Blake - Edmund Blunden - Rupert Brooke - Robert Browning - Robert Burns - Thomas Campbell - Thomas Campion - G. K. Chesterton - Hartley Coleridge - Robert Conquest - W. J. Cory - John Davidson - Donald Davie - C. Day Lewis - Walter De la Mare - Ernest Dowson - Michael Drayton - Lawrence Durrell - Jean Elliot - George Farewell - James Elroy Flecker - Thomas Ford - Roy Fuller - Robert Graves - Thomas Gray - Fulke Greville - Heath - Reginald Heber - Felicia Dorothea Hemans - W. E. Henley - George Herbert - Ralph Hodgson - Thomas Hood - Teresa Hooley - Gerard Manley Hopkins - A. E. Housman - Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey - T. E. Hulme - Leigh Hunt - Elizabeth Jennings - Samuel Johnson - John Keats - Henry King - Charles Kingsley - Rudyard Kipling - Philip Larkin - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow - John Lydgate - H. F. Lyte - Louis MacNeice - Andrew Marvell - John Masefield - Alice Meynell - Harold Monro - William Morris - Edwin Muir - Henry Newbolt - Alfred Noyes - Wilfred Owen - Thomas Love Peacock - George Peele - Alexander Pope - Frederic Prokosch - Walter Ralegh - John Crowe Ransom - Christina Rossetti - Siegfried Sassoon - John Skelton - Robert Southey - Edmund Spenser - Sir John Squire - Robert Louis Stevenson - Sir John Suckling - Algernon Charles Swinburne - George Szirtes - Alfred, Lord Tennyson - Dylan Thomas - Edward Thomas - R. S. Thomas - Francis Thompson - Anthony Thwaite - Chidiock Tichborne - Aurelian Townsend - W. J. Turner - Oscar Wilde - John Wilmot, Lord Rochester - Roger Woddis - Charles Wolfe - William Wordsworth - William Butler Yeats - Andrew Young

To participate in quiz related to this author visit squareroot